
The researchers found that some cells in the skin respond to scratching -- simulated by applying and removing small strips of tape on the skin of mice -- by producing a cell-signaling protein called IL-33, which enters the bloodstream. When IL-33 reaches the gut, it works in concert with IL-25, a protein secreted by cells in the lining of the intestine, to activate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Activated ILC2s make two additional cell-signaling proteins, IL-13 and IL-4, which were found to be responsible for the expansion of intestinal mast cells.When these intestinal mast cells expand, the intestinal lining becomes more permeable -- which means potential allergens can enter the bodily tissues more easily. While the scientists say more research is needed to confirm this effect in humans, the intestinal effects of skin-scratching they're describing already has a name: Leaky gut syndrome.
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