Parkinson’s disease risk soars by 40% for those with metabolic syndrome

By willowt // 2025-08-26

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A groundbreaking study published in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, has found that individuals with metabolic syndrome are 40 percent more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease. This association adds to the already serious health risks posed by metabolic syndrome, which includes conditions like high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, and excessive belly fat. The study, which tracked nearly half a million participants over 15 years, underscores the importance of metabolic health in preventing neurological diseases. Why this matters:

Global relevance: As much as 31 percent of the world’s population has metabolic syndrome, making this a pressing public health issue.
Holistic health impact: The study reveals that metabolic syndrome is not just a cardiovascular concern but also a significant risk factor for neurological disorders.
Preventive potential: Unlike genetic predispositions, metabolic syndrome can be managed through lifestyle changes, offering a proactive approach to reducing Parkinson’s risk.

Key points:

40 percent increased risk: People with metabolic syndrome are 40 percent more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease.
Genetic and metabolic synergy: Individuals with both metabolic syndrome and genetic susceptibility to Parkinson’s face even higher risks.
Modifiable factors: Metabolic syndrome is highly modifiable through diet, exercise, and other lifestyle changes.
Broader health implications: The study highlights the systemic nature of metabolic syndrome, linking it to multiple health disorders.
Future research: Further studies are needed to explore whether controlling metabolic syndrome can prevent Parkinson’s disease.

Understanding metabolic syndrome

For the purposes of this study, metabolic syndrome is defined by the presence of at least three of the following five conditions:

Abdominal obesity: Waist circumference of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women.
Elevated blood sugar: Fasting glucose of 100 mg/dL or more.
High blood pressure: Systolic blood pressure of 130 mmHg or more, or diastolic blood pressure of 85 mmHg or more.
Hypertriglyceridemia: High triglyceride levels of 150 mg/dL or more.
Low HDL cholesterol: Less than 40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women.

The study in detail

Researchers analyzed data from the UK Biobank, a large-scale health research project, involving 467,200 participants with an average age of 57. Over a 15-year follow-up period, 3,222 individuals developed Parkinson’s disease. Notably, 38 percent of the participants had metabolic syndrome at the start of the study. Incidence Rates:

For people without metabolic syndrome: 4.87 cases per 10,000 person-years.
For people with metabolic syndrome: 5.21 cases per 10,000 person-years.

After adjusting for factors like age, smoking status, physical activity and genetic risk, the study found that individuals with metabolic syndrome were 40 percent more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease compared to those without the syndrome.

The mechanism behind the link

The study suggests that the components of metabolic syndrome may disrupt dopamine production, a key neurotransmitter that controls motor function. High blood pressure and elevated cholesterol levels can damage the small blood vessels in the brain, potentially leading to the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells. Persistent inflammation, another hallmark of metabolic syndrome, further exacerbates this damage.

Expert insights

Dr. Weili Xu, the study’s lead author and a professor of geriatric epidemiology at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, emphasized the modifiable nature of metabolic syndrome: “Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder among older adults after Alzheimer’s disease, and metabolic syndrome affects an estimated one in four adults and is highly modifiable. Our findings suggest that metabolic syndrome may be a modifiable risk factor for Parkinson’s disease.” Dr. Michael S. Okun, director of the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at UF Health, added: “This research gives us one of the clearest signals yet that metabolic syndrome is more than just a cardiovascular concern — it may also prime the brain for Parkinson’s disease. Interventions targeting obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia may help delay or reduce the risk in vulnerable populations.”

What you can do

While the study establishes a strong association rather than direct causation, the implications are clear. Here are some practical steps to reduce your Parkinson’s risk:

Cut belly fat: Focus on a balanced diet and strength training to reduce visceral fat.
Control blood pressure: Incorporate potassium-rich foods, manage stress, and engage in regular physical activity.
Stabilize blood sugar: Adopt a low-glycemic eating pattern and consider intermittent fasting.
Fix cholesterol imbalances: Increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids and fiber-rich foods.

The path forward

The findings from this study highlight the critical role of metabolic health in preventing neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease. By addressing the modifiable factors of metabolic syndrome, individuals can significantly lower their risk of developing this devastating condition. The time and effort invested in maintaining metabolic health can pay dividends across multiple systems, making it one of the most valuable health investments you can make. Sources for this article include: NaturalHealth365.com MedicalNewsToday.com AAN.com PowersHealth.org