The hidden dangers of swimming pool chemicals: How to stay safe and healthy this summer

By willowt // 2025-06-18

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Chlorine in swimming pools can form irritants that affect the eyes, skin and lungs.
Asthma, eye irritation and skin issues can be triggered by pool chemicals.
Proper precautions, such as showering before and after swimming, can reduce risks.
Indoor pools with poor ventilation pose higher health risks.
Alternative pool types, such as saltwater and natural pools, offer safer options.

Swimming pools, often seen as a refreshing escape from the heat, can pose significant health risks due to the chemicals used to keep them clean. From eye irritation to breathing troubles, the hazards are real and often overlooked. Dr. Elissa B. Gartenberg, a family medicine practitioner in Scottsdale, Arizona, encountered a patient whose asthma worsened due to the chlorine fumes in an indoor pool. This case highlights the need for awareness and precautions. As temperatures rise, it's crucial to understand the risks and how to mitigate them.

Health risks: Beyond just red eyes

Chlorine and bromine, commonly used to disinfect pools, can form irritating by-products when combined with sweat, urine and other contaminants. These by-products can cause a range of health issues:

Eye effects

Swimming in chlorinated pools can lead to several eye problems, including conjunctivitis, dry eye and keratitis. Dr. Jovi Boparai, an ophthalmic surgeon at CorneaCare, explains, "Exposure may lead to dry eyes, a condition that presents with dryness, wateriness, redness, irritation and blurred vision. Chlorine can disrupt the tear film, which lubricates the eyes and allows clear, comfortable vision."

Other effects

Asthma flare-ups: Poorly ventilated indoor pools can cause asthma symptoms to worsen. High levels of chlorine can trigger asthma even in those without a history of the condition.
Skin issues: Swimmers may experience dry, itchy skin, and in some cases, more severe conditions.
Stomach issues: Swallowing pool water contaminated with bacteria like cryptosporidium can lead to serious gastrointestinal problems.
Teeth problems: Chlorine can cause a buildup of tartar on the front teeth and erode enamel.

Bladder cancer

A 2021 study found a correlation between swimming in chlorinated pools and an increased risk of bladder cancer. Researchers examined lifetime water-related habits and exposure to disinfection by-products, concluding that those who swam in chlorinated pools had a higher risk.

Risk factors: A complex interaction

The health risks associated with swimming pools are influenced by various factors:

Inhalation: More vigorous swimmers receive higher exposure to toxic gases.
Ingestion: Children are more likely to swallow pool water.
Skin absorption: Young children are especially at risk, as early exposure may promote the development of childhood asthma.

Tips to minimize risks

Experts offer several recommendations to reduce the potential harm from pool chemicals:

Shower before and after swimming: Rinsing off before and after swimming helps remove contaminants from the body.
Wear protective goggles: This prevents direct contact with chlorinated water.
Avoid swallowing water: Encourage children to take regular breaks and use double swim diapers for small children.
Use a well-ventilated pool: Opt for outdoor pools or well-ventilated indoor facilities.
Consult an eye doctor: If any eye symptoms develop, seek medical attention immediately.

Safer options

Saltwater pools: These pools use salt to generate chlorine, resulting in lower chemical levels and gentler water.
UV and ozone systems: These use minimal chlorine and can effectively remove germs.
Natural swimming pools: While appealing, these require strict maintenance to ensure safety, especially for young children and immunocompromised individuals.

Natural bodies of water: Other risks to consider

Swimming in lakes and oceans can also pose health risks. Dr. Gartenberg cautions, "Natural water is not filtered, treated, or predictable." She recalls a tragic case where a young boy developed a fatal infection after swimming in a contaminated lake. "I recommend avoiding diving or letting lake water shoot up the nose, especially in the summer when the risk is highest."

Swimming safely in the summer heat

Swimming can be a wonderful activity for families, but it's essential to be aware of the potential health risks and take the necessary precautions. By following these guidelines, you can enjoy the water while minimizing the chances of eye irritation, breathing trouble and other health issues. Stay informed, cautious and safe this summer. Sources for this article include: TheEpochTimes.com CDC.gov ATSjournals.org